Condition guide
Hyperextension Injury of the Elbow - Overview
Elbow hyperextension is an injury in which the elbow is forced beyond its usual straight position. After a fall or impact, assessment may be needed to check for ligament injury, fracture or dislocation.
When to get help after an elbow injury
Seek urgent in-person care for severe pain with difficulty moving the arm, a changed elbow shape, or numbness or tingling after injury. A cold or discoloured hand also needs emergency assessment. Do not try to straighten or relocate a visibly deformed elbow yourself.
Symptoms
- Pain at the back of the elbow
- Swelling and tenderness
- Bruising around the joint
- Weakness in the arm
- Difficulty bending or straightening the elbow
Causes & Risk Factors
- A fall onto an outstretched hand
- A sporting collision or impact that forces the elbow backwards
- Previous joint laxity may be relevant when assessing associated instability
Diagnosis
- Review of the injury, swelling, tenderness and arm movement
- Assessment of hand sensation and circulation when a significant injury is suspected
- X-rays if fracture or dislocation is suspected; MRI only when further ligament assessment is needed
Effective Treatment Options
- Protection from heavy lifting and movements that force the elbow straight
- A wrapped cold pack for comfort and swelling, following clinical advice
- A sling, splint or brace only as advised for the assessed injury
- Gentle movement and progressive strengthening when permitted by the treating clinician
- Physiotherapy to address stiffness and rebuild function before returning to sport
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does a hyperextended elbow take to heal?
Recovery depends on the injured tissues and whether there is a fracture, dislocation or significant ligament damage. Elbow movement can take several weeks to recover, and stiffness may last longer. Return to contact or racquet sports should depend on comfortable movement and recovered strength, rather than a fixed date.
Should I move my elbow after a hyperextension injury?
Once a clinician has assessed the injury, gentle movement may help limit stiffness. Follow any restrictions for a fracture, dislocation or splint; do not force the elbow straight or begin strengthening before it is appropriate for your injury.
Sources and further reading
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