Condition guide
Dystonia - Overview
Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive or twisting movements and abnormal postures.
Symptoms
- Involuntary muscle contractions
- Abnormal postures or twisting of body parts
- Muscle tremors
- Dragging foot or stiff limbs
- Cramping during tasks like writing
Causes & Risk Factors
- Genetic mutations
- Brain trauma or injury
- Parkinson's disease or stroke
- Medication side effects (especially antipsychotics)
- Idiopathic (no known cause)
Diagnosis
- Clinical neurological evaluation
- Genetic testing for hereditary forms
- MRI to rule out brain lesions
- EMG to assess abnormal muscle activity
Effective Treatment Options
- Botulinum toxin injections
- Physiotherapy for muscle control and balance
- Deep brain stimulation (for severe cases)
- Medications such as anticholinergics or muscle relaxants
Frequently Asked Questions
Is dystonia a progressive disease?
Some types are progressive while others remain stable or manageable with therapy.
Can physiotherapy help dystonia?
Yes, it helps improve posture, reduce spasms, and increase functional movement.
Explore related physiotherapy services
Learn about assessment, rehabilitation and consultation preparation in these treatment guides.