Condition guide
Meningitis - Overview
Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, usually caused by infections (bacterial, viral, or fungal).
Symptoms
- High fever and headache
- Stiff neck
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Confusion or seizures
- Sleepiness or difficulty waking
Causes & Risk Factors
- Bacterial infections (e.g., meningococcus, pneumococcus)
- Viral infections (e.g., enteroviruses, herpes)
- Fungal infections (especially in immunocompromised)
- Head injuries or surgery
- Lack of vaccinations
Diagnosis
- Lumbar puncture (to examine cerebrospinal fluid)
- Blood cultures
- MRI or CT scan
- Physical examination of symptoms
Effective Treatment Options
- Antibiotics or antiviral medications
- Corticosteroids to reduce brain swelling
- Physiotherapy for muscle weakness post-infection
- Speech or occupational therapy for cognitive issues
Frequently Asked Questions
Is all meningitis contagious?
Viral and bacterial meningitis can be contagious, depending on the cause.
Can meningitis cause long-term effects?
Yes, it can lead to neurological issues that require rehabilitation.
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